
“Onam“
The first time this word got etched into my memory was when I’d to mug up a 4th std essay question about the regional new year & harvest festivals across India. To name a few from my memory, of the other festivals I’d studied about, along with it, all symbolizing either the “new year” marked by the calender of the regional tribes & ethnic people or celebrating their “harvest” citing their year’s hardwork & toil on fields, were, Bihu in Assam, Ugadi in Karnataka & Andhra Pradesh, Vasanth Panchami in West India(Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan) & Baisakhi of Punjabis. And of course, there are many more to this list, thanks to our India being, culturally & traditionally, such a rich & diverse nation.
Having lived in North India during my formative ages, I was largely oblivious to the practices & traditions in Kerala, let alone the yearly visit during Onam time to our remote hamlet in Kollam district. Onam is a 5 day festival. 1st day, Uthraadom, 2nd day, Thiruvonam, 3rd day, Avittom, 4th day, Chathayam, & 5th & final called Pooruruttathi. There is an adage that “5th onam, panchaamritham”.
Flashes of childhood memory include frenzied scourging of flowers from gardens, decorating Athapookkalam( a flower bed adorned in special shapes), tying up temporary oonjaals (swinging chairs) on our 20 year old mango tree, hanging around with newfound buddies along paddy fields & ponds, a visit to our local temple, chitchatting for a long time under the neem tree near it. There are breathtaking views which we just savor for its beauty & pass it off without any fussing around, clicking snaps, carrying digi-cams. Often during cycle rides with buddies along countryside, if we are lucky enough, we get greeted by local people having some affiliation or loyalty towards our ‘tharavaadu‘ & get treated with lots of sweets for a short sojourn at their place

Back home, there is the prospect of donning onam special, brand new ‘jubba’ & ‘kasavu mundu’ & to appear utmost dapper. For the required effect of onam, the level of being dapper should atleast match Lalettan in ‘Aaramthamburan’, in the scene he comes completely dressed as ‘thamburan’ when Manju Warrior comes asking for him. Then, of course, there is the sumptuous “sadhya“. No Italian, French or Chinese cuisine can ever substitute the naturalness or sanctity of an Onam sadhya. Draped across a banana leaf, in a particular pattern, the various ethnic concoctions along with the ‘unadulterated’, original rice, ripe, right from paddy fields, leaves you mesmerized with its taste, only forcing you to fill your tummy to your heart’s contend. As an aperitif, atleast 3 varieties of payasams will be there. Mostly it’d be semia, ada & ari payasams. After devouring all, it gives an unparalleled high & euphoria & lulls you to a deep slumber.

The trademark figure of onam I’d always preserved in my mind to awake in me the festive mood, had been of a middle-aged man, potbellied, ‘kasavu mundu’ clad in traditional kerala style, carrying a wooden umbrella, with thick curly mustache & wearing a king’s crown. We call him King ‘Mahabali‘. According granny’s take, myth has it that, a long time ago, an Asura (demon) king called Mahabali ruled Kerala. He was a wise, benevolent and judicious ruler and beloved of his subjects. Soon his fame as an able king began to spread far and wide, but when he extended his rule to the heavens and the netherworld, the gods felt challenged and began to fear his growing powers. Presuming that he might become over-powerful Lord Vishnu transformed himself into a dwarf called Vamana and approached Mahabali while he was performing a yajna and asked for alms. The Vamana asked for a simple gift — three paces of land — and the king agreed to it. Vishnu in the guise of Vamana then increased his stature and with the first step covered the sky, blotting out the stars, and with the second, straddled the netherworld. Realising that Vamana’s third step will destroy the earth, Mahabali offered his head as the last step.Vishnu’s fatal third step pushed him to the netherworld, but before banishing him to the underworld Vishnu granted him a boon. Since he was attached to his kingdom and his people, he was allowed to return once a year from exile. Onam is the celebration that marks the homecoming of King Mahabali. It is the day when a grateful Kerala pays a glorious tribute to the memory of this benign king who gave his all for his subjects. This is just one version of Vamana-Mahabali story. There are indeed many legends associated to this festival. Also, thwarting all mythological beliefs, there are speculations abound that this is just a festival marking ‘new year’ or harvest time for farmers & ethnic groups.
However, for me, & I believe, for most of the average keralites around, onam is an ostentatious festival marking extravaganza & richness. Its the time for new dress, great food & partying around all the time. A total gala time. Even poorest of poor take the liberty of the occasion to indulge in some luxury. Time for the nuclear families to connect with their extended family. Share pleasantries, inquire about welfare, have long chitchats, cook together, laugh together, dine together, booze together, enjoy a trip together & in short, have some real fun. Without losing out on the identity & sanctity of the occasion, keralites relish the festival in its true spirit even with some spiritual enrichment visiting temples & places of worship to seek blessings for another fresh year at start of the onam days.
On this occasion I felt obliged to share with you all some historical significance of the festival. So I scraped off some snippets of information from here & there across the web & thus presenting it to you:-
Ethnic art forms that carry the imprint of cultural tradition of the festival:-
Kummattikali: A form of mask dance, a ritualistic art form that originated in the southern part of Kerala. It is one of the popular art forms, which portrays characters inspired from the Ramayana and from other folk stories, which have gained prominence in the rustic life of Kerala.
During the Onam days these groups of dancers clad in the mask and adorning themselves with leaves and grass, visit from home to home collecting small gifts and entertaining them. The songs that accompany have a devotional touch. An instrument made from the trunk of areca-nut tree in the shape of a bow, named ‘Onavillu’ provides the rhythm for the ritual.
Onappottan: It is a kind of ritualistic art form seen mostly in the southern part of Malabar, especially in Kannur, Kasargod and Palakkad districts. The characters usually visit households in the month of Chingam. It is believed that ‘Onappottan’ brings prosperity, after the long drought days of Karkkidakam (Malayalees believe that the month of Karkkidam is a ‘Panjamasam’). Onappottan comes to houses with his face painted in red and has a crown, along with a bell in his hand. He also has an umbrella made from the palm leaves. In some places, the character will be accompanied by percussionists with chenda and illathalam. Usually, children are dressed as Onapottan. But, nowadays the Onapottan seems to appear very rarely in these parts of the state.
Pulikali or Kaduva Kali: It is one of the recreational art forms seen across Kerala during Onam. This special art form is celebrated with much delight, and its origin is traced back to about 200 years. The pulikali or kaduvakali performance revolves around the theme of tiger hunting, where the participants paint their body with yellow, red and black paints and dance to the beats of udukku and thakil. This art form is seen all over the state, but it is in Thrissur where the real exuberance of the fest can be witnessed. During the fourth day of Onam festivities, the puilikali troupes from all over the state assemble in the Swaraj Ground, Thissur, to display their skills. It is one of the most colourful of all art forms.
Thumbi Thullal: It is performed mainly by women. Clad in traditional Kerala attire, a group of women sits around to perform the thumbi thullal. In the middle sits the main performer. The thullal is accompanied by melodious songs sung by the group, and joyful clapping, adding fervour to the performance.
Kaikkottikali: It is also known as thiruvathirakali, in which a group of women moves around a traditional lamp, dancing to the tunes of the songs that they sing. The participants usually wear the traditional saree, along with jasmine flowers in their heads. The songs that they sing during the performance are known as thiruvathirapattukal, which is a separate entity in Malayalam literature. These songs are usually sung inspired by the marriage stories of the mythological heroines like Parvathy, Sakuntala, Rukmini, Sathyabhama, Seelavati, Seetha, etc. In some parts of the state, the male community also indulges in this particular art form.

Vallamkali: It is another ethnic and enchanting performance during the Onam days. Hundreds of people rowing a snake boat to the tune of the ‘vallappattu’ amidst the cheerers is an enchanting sight. ‘Aranmula Vallamkali’ is one among the popular boat races here, which has about 300 years long tradition. It is also known as ‘Uthretathi’ vallamkali as it falls on the uthretathi day of Onam. Even though these myth and ethnic art forms have originated according to Hindu mythology, the people celebrate Onam with equal participation across cast and creed.
And, of course, the legendary Onam song
“Maveli nadu vanidum kalam
manusharellarum onnupole
amodathode vassikkum kalam
apathangarkkumottilla thanum
adhikal vyadhikal onnumilla
bala maranangal kelkkanilla
kallavumilla chathiyumilla
ellolamilla poli vachanam
kallapparayum cheru naziyum
kallatharangal mattonumilla ”
“Maveli nadu vanidum kalam
manusharellarum onnupole” !!
The translated version:-
“When Maveli, our King, rules the land,
All the peoples form one casteless race.
And people live joyful and merry;
They are free from all harm.
There is neither theft nor deceit,
And no one is false in speech either.
Measures and weights are right;
No one cheats or wrongs the neighbor.
when Maveli, our King, rules the land,
All the peoples form one casteless race” !!
Strange how the translated version appears much shorter !!
With that,
“Elaavarkkum ente hridayam niranja onashamsakal !! “
Love
Vishnu Sivaprasad
[ P.S. Yesterday evening I got back from my hometown after celebrating it big time with extended family. Thought of writing a post, took out my netbook, but, alas, to my serious dismay, the power on switch won't budge. Something wrong with its spring mechanism. Swearing some choicest of cuss words on samsung hardware makers, I'd to abandon my dear netbook. Seriously pissed off with the issue
. Anyways, there is 1 year warranty & that should cover it. However, pls do pray for speedy recovery of my netbook
]